Friday, December 27, 2019

So and Such Differences in Grammar for ESL Learners

Structures using such and so are similar in meaning, but different in construction. The main difference between the two structures is that such takes a noun phrase, whereas so takes an adjective. Such †¦ that Such †¦ that takes a noun or modified noun in a noun phrase. That can be used following the noun phrase but is not required.​​ such adjective noun (that) Examples: The recording was such a disappointment that I didnt buy any more from that artist.It was such an expensive car that they didnt buy it. So †¦ that So †¦ that takes an adjective. That can be used following the noun phrase but is not required. So adjective (that) Examples: The game was so fascinating (that) he played for hours.Our vacation apartment was so luxurious (that) we didnt want to leave. So for Results So can also be used to express a result. In this case so is followed by a full clause: Examples: I had a lot of time so I visited the museum.She wasnt happy in her current position so she looked for a new job.

Thursday, December 19, 2019

1920s Fashion Essay - 1036 Words

1920s Fashion In the 1920s, fashion trends were the shorter low-waisted dresses and revealing styles worn by flappers. With their short-bobbed hairstyles and cloche hats, down to scarves and stocking with bold. The 1920s fashion strikes the design era for fashion by having change in the women’s fashion. The fashion changed and characterized the women in the 1920s, as they called it the roaring twenties the women started gaining their free rights and independence. Fashion for women had a positive impact in the 1920s and on the world today throughout the advancement in women’s rights. Though out the years fashion has changed in different variety of ways in the 1920s by giving women the ability to change the way they act and look. â€Å"1920s†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The term flapper first appeared in Great Britain after World War I.† (Rosenberg par 8). The flappers would wear knee length dresses with slits cuts into it so it was easier to move in, they wore lots of makeup and sparkles. The flappers only smoke and drink, but they also partied and dance a lot considering it was the jazz age as well. â€Å"The 1920s was the Jazz Age and one of the most popular past-times for flappers was dancing....† (Rosenberg par 24). Dancing was very popular and common for the flappers to be doing along with smoking and drinking. Women’s fashion was more of a revealing style of the 1920s from the effect of the jazz music and alcohol on society. The women of the 1920s weren’t the only ones who went through a fashion change, the men did also. After the war men’s fashion in the 1920s went through a positive transformation. The war changed the attitudes and the level of class, as the younger men switched forming wear the suits they adopted their own look. Men’s fashion in the 1920s was the start of men’s fashion, but only minor changes were changed in the menswear. â€Å". Suit colors were mostly neutral with patterns, but the accessories popped with vibrant colors– just like they did for women’s 1920s fashion† (1920s fashion for men par 1). The suits were the biggest trend for men’s fashion in the 1920s, all the men had them. For day evening, office, or parties, a man always wore a suit. What’s different from the 1920s men’s suits apart from otherShow MoreRelated Fashion in the 1920s Essay472 Words   |  2 PagesFashion in the 1920s The Roaring Twenties brought many fads and fashion rages. During the 1920s, Americans were given the honor of being called the best- dressed. Several things contributed to this honor: Affordable pricing, mass production clothing, the birth of the flapper girl, and rise of fashionable movie stars that Americans wanted to imitate. The style and cut of womens clothing during the 1920s changed drastically. Waistlines dropped dramatically while hemlines rose scandalouslyRead MoreThis essay, 1920s vs 1960s, writen in AABB format, deals with the comparison of; general statistics, fashion styles of both men women, music, controversial issues.1502 Words   |  7 Pages1920s vs. 1960s Over the past century, people living in the United States have experienced many changes. As the times change, so do the people. In the 1920s, people acted differently then compared to the people in the 1960s. Yet, they both have one thing in common; they shaped our history. In the 1920s, about 106,521,537 people inhabited the United States. It was a rough period in our history, with about 2,132,000 people unemployed and murder, swindles, and racketeering as the most popularRead MoreChinas Fast Entry into the Fashion World after the 20th Century1825 Words   |  7 PagesChina’s fast entry into Fashion World after the 20th Century The dawn of the 20th century brought in many challenges in China such as cultural, political, economic, and social. The social changes increased its push after the 1911 revolution which caused in the passing of the Qing Empire. Social improvement led to amendment in dress codes as well. The head shaving and queue (long plait) men had been compulsory to wear, to validate their subservience, gradually vanished. The practice of foot compulsoryRead MoreEssay on The Surrealist Movement in Arts Influence on Fashion1528 Words   |  7 PagesInfluence on Fashion Introduction This essay aims to analyse the key role that the surrealist movement has played on fashion and the fashion industry. Both from a historical point of view, as well as its continued impact on fashion today, as a source of inspiration for contemporary fashion designers. In this essay I will account for how the Surrealist movement in art has influenced the progress and growth of fashion worldwide and our sense of appearance. Furthermore, this essay will analyseRead MoreThe Roaring Twenties By F. Scott Fitzgerald860 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica seemed to have an unquenchable thirst for entertainment and art. So life during the 1920’s brought new forms of entertainment, new movements in the arts, and new attitudes and fashion for women. Movies quickly became a national pastime, radios became a primary news source, painters started capturing the realities and dreams of America, and music composers created a distinct type of music called jazz. The 1920’s also brought forward insightful works of writing making it one of the richest literaryRead MoreGender and Consumer Culture in France from the Late 1800’s Through the 1920’s1332 Words   |  6 Pagesculture has been many years coming. Many changes in this consumer culture cam e about in the time periods surrounding World War I. In this essay I will be tracing the change in women in the consumer culture in France in the late 1800’s to through the 1920’s, using the works of Mary Louise Roberts Samson and Delilah Revisited: The Politics of Woman’s Fashion in 1920’s France, and Judith G. Coffin’s Credit, Consumption, and Images of Women’s Desires: Selling the Sewing machine in late Nineteenth- CenturyRead MoreImmigrant Women And American Consumer Culture980 Words   |  4 Pagesaway from maternal authority. The second generation of immigrant women sought to assimilate into American society by changing their appearance to fit with American culture. This made the second-generation immigrant woman a consumer of the latest fashion trends that would help them blend in with the mainstream American society. The immigrants experienced immigration from overseas to America, yet another group, Southern blacks experienced migration from the South to the North during roughly the sameRead More Fine Art, Fashion and Design1276 Words   |  6 PagesMy essay is going to be a discussion on whether fine art, fashion and designers are linked with each other. On starting my essay I looked up the definition of Fine art, the term is used to distinguish the variation of creative art forms, developed by humans. Some of the many concepts which fall under this category are painting, drawing, calligraphy, sculpture etc. I agree that fine art uses lots of visually appealing methods which seem graceful, like calligraphy the work produced is quite delicateRead MoreHollywood Movies And Fashion Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthe capacity to make not just a star of its leading women, but a fashion icon too. From Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly to Julia Roberts and Keira Knightley, via Mia Farrow and Catherine De neuve, some of Hollywood s most successful stars owe a lot to their on-screen style. Moreover, during the 21st century, movies have been a powerful media in which to influence people’s style.   Movies gave society a great way to see vintage fashion, including how to wear period accessories that accompany the clothingRead MoreHow The Silver Screen Affects Women s Fashion Trends?1495 Words   |  6 PagesHow the Silver Screen Affects Women’s Fashion Trends? Today/Throughout History? Silver screen has the capacity to make not just a star of its leading women, but a fashion icon too. From Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly to Julia Roberts and Keira Knightley, via Mia Farrow and Catherine Deneuve, some of Hollywood s most successful stars owe a lot to their on-screen style. Moreover, during the 21st century, movies have been a powerful media in which to influence people’s style.   Movies

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Business Information Systems Decision Support System

Question: Discuss about the Business Information Systems for Decision Support System. Answer: Introduction As stated by Iranmanesh et al (2012) the information is used in the business organization in various forms. Therefore, to process and manipulate this information the organization needs an information system. The information system that is used in the business organizations need to be flexible. Therefore, it can accommodate with the needs of the organization. Hence, the use of the information system can improve the productivity of the organization by the optimized use of the organizational resource. The daily operations like finance, marketing, accounting, and human resource management are also supported by the Business information system. This report contributes to the disciplines, working procedure, impact on the business environment and the competence with the basic IT applications. The report also focuses on the ideas that can improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of the business operations using the information system. Understanding of the Core Concepts, Principles and Components of the IS Discipline The business information systems are developed to collect process and manipulate the data that is acquired from the different business processes. For this, the information system needs hardware, softwares, communication systems and most importantly the data. This system helps the managers to monitor the performance, evaluation of the performance and depending upon that they can design the strategies for future course of action. Here it can state that the information system is the subset of the organization. This information system helps in organizing the business processes, human resources, strategies of the organization. Using the information system information can stored, retrieved, shared, distributed, processed or transmitted (Alter 2013). Contrary to the traditional business systems, the data or the information can be stored into a shred database that encourages the idea of storing the data simultaneously from different sources. Due to the ne expert systems, the general employee s can perform the expert jobs. Also with the help of software tools, the decision-making is a part of everyones job and is not the sole responsibility of the managers. Again, with the use of Enterprise software, the required data can be presented instantly. The information system can be thought as the association of three components. The three components are component that collect data, another to components that process and store the process data. Understanding of Working Process of Information System The working process of an information system is a complicated process. The employees of the organization use the hardware and software components of the information system to communicate with the processing channel or processing component. The information can be categorized into the facts, concepts, opinions, procedures, principals. The information system plays three vital functionalities of any organization. These functionalities are supporting the business operations, managerial decision making (Ada et al. 2015) and provide strategic and competitive advantage to the organization. In a generic information system, there are three layers. In the lower layer there are two types of database one contain the internal and customer data and another contains the processed data or the information of the organization and the consumers. The middle layer help in processing either access data from the database and receiving data from the organizations management. The database also contains data about the processing of the activities within the organization. The top layer of the organization contains data about the people working within the organization and about the management entity. Understanding the Range of Importance and Issues of current IS/IT Before purchasing and implementing, the information system the organization should be aware of the problems or issues that can arise in future during the use of the information system. Before discussing the kind of information system needed with the potential developers or suppliers there should be some criteria and goals determined by the organization ( Haux et al. 2013). These goals should be accomplished by the implemented system like the different information system (like enterprise information system, transaction processing system, Management information system) Transaction processing systems In a business, there are there are hundreds or thousands of transactions are happening in a day. Therefore, this transaction needs some data to be recorded in the database. Like if a product is sold to a customer then we need some data to identify the product, the quantity of the product, payment method, sales date, and sales person. So this TPS used to store this kind of transaction data. The TPS ensures that maximum amount of data in minimum time and with minimal errors. Enterprise information system An Enterprise information system is tailored to fulfill the needs of an organization. In addition, there are two categories in the enterprise information systems. First is the generic enterprise information system. This kind of information system includes workflow management system, data warehouse systems, enterprise resource planning systems. The wide range of business organizations can use this kind of information systems (Mu 2015). On the other hand, some information systems are tailored to meet requirements of a certain organization. Examples of those kinds of information systems are hospital information system, electronic learning system, airline reservation system. Process control system The process control systems are used to monitor the environment of the business processes. The PCS compare the monitored data with some preset boundaries. As a output the system sounds an alarm if the data or the current reading of a parameter is outside the predetermined value (Reich and Benbasat 2013). As an example, if we take that a process control system is monitoring the data of water storage and periodically reading the data of pollutants. If at any time the amount f pollutants reach a predetermined value then the PCS sounds an alarm to inform the concerned authority. In some cases, the PCS are able to adjust the equipments to bring back the equilibrium state of the environment. Opposite to the TPS system, the process control system is not activated or triggered because of action or transaction. Once a process control system is activated then it stays on to do the monitoring Management information system: The MIS is the most common information system that is used in the business organization. There are different types predetermined of routine reports. These reports are printed periodically like daily, weekly, monthly, annually or on demand (Rainer et al. 2013). In addition, the MIS can do the basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, division, average, minimum and maximum etc. The layout, format, equations are designed by the business professionals as well as the system developers are designed in the beginning of the lifecycle of the MIS. After the implementation of the MIS, the reports are printed repeatedly but with the same format, layout and the equations. With all this importance, there are some issues with the current system too. Like Maintenance: the main task of an information system is to take input raw data and up to date the information. All the departments having their information system and are generating the data in the organization. But if after all this the management information system have to again process the data then it becomes less valuable Adaptability to changes: The major issue with the information system is to adopt the changes of the organization. There needs to be simple methods that can easily remove the user accounts internally. Since the old active accounts can be security issues to the organization. Usability: Most of the information system fails because of its poor user interface or its too complicated. Therefore it becomes too hard to get the desired results for the organization when the implemented information system generated report is not in the useful form. Hence the organization should be aware of these issues and choose an information system that generates a report relevant to the company. This generation of the reports should be done with the minimal effort. Reorganization of Utilizing Information System that used to Improve Business Process: The information system helps in different ways to improve the daily operations and other activities. Like faster and efficient internal and external communication, better decision-making through elimination of communication lags, improved efficiency in management, administration, planning and co-ordination of various support systems, Cost and time savings in accessing information, Reduction in the requirement of human resource needs (at messenger, clerical and typist ], Easier records management and information sharing, Rapid access to the correct and real-time financial information for management and planning Conclusion The use of information system can improve the efficiency so that the organization can have higher profitability. The information system and technology can help the organization to introduce new products in the market like the internet based DVD rental systems provided by the iTunes, Netflix etc. This in turn helps in maximizing the profit of the organization. With the accurate information provided by the MIS the managers can use the forecasts, do best guesses for the future business strategies. This guesses can help in delivering better performance, can charge less for the superior products, respond to the consumers and suppliers in real time. The example of Toyota production system can be considered here, this system helps in getting a competitive advantage in the market. At the same time the investment in the information, system does not guarantee the good returns. The factors that are to be considered by an organization while investing in the information system solution are Adopting the correct business model and Investing in organizational, managerial and social assets can ensure the good returns from the implementation. References Ada, Ã… ¾. and Ghaffarzadeh, M., 2015. Decision Making Based On Management Information System and Decision Support System.Journal for Studies in Management and Planning,1(3), pp.206-217. Alter, S., 2013. Work system theory: overview of core concepts, extensions, and challenges for the future.Journal of the Association for Information Systems,14(2), p.72. Bonczek, R.H., Holsapple, C.W. and Whinston, A.B., 2014.Foundations of decision support systems. Academic Press. Haux, R., Winter, A., Ammenwerth, E. and Brigl, B., 2013.Strategic information management in hospitals: an introduction to hospital information systems. Springer Science Business Media. Mu, E., Kirsch, L.J. and Butler, B.S., 2015. The assimilation of enterprise information system: An interpretation systems perspective.Information Management,52(3), pp.359-370. Pusnik, M., Sucic, B., Podgornik, A., Al-Mansour, F. and Vuk, T., 2014, May. Net fitting based production planning and decision support system for energy intensive industries. InEnergy Conference (ENERGYCON), 2014 IEEE International(pp. 1236-1242). IEEE. Rainer, R.K., Cegielski, C.G., Splettstoesser-Hogeterp, I. and Sanchez-Rodriguez, C., 2013.Introduction to information systems: Supporting and transforming business. John Wiley Sons. Reich, B.H. and Benbasat, I., 2013. 10 Measuring the Information SystemsBusiness Strategy Relationship.Strategic Information Management, p.265. Scott, J., Ho, W., Dey, P.K. and Talluri, S., 2015. A decision support system for supplier selection and order allocation in stochastic, multi-stakeholder and multi-criteria environments.International Journal of Production Economics,166, pp.226-237. Shardt, Y., Zhao, Y., Qi, F., Lee, K., Yu, X., Huang, B. and Shah, S., 2012. Determining the state of a process control system: Current trends and future challenges.The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,90(2), pp.217-245. Sol, H.G., Cees, A.T. and de Vries Robb, P.F. eds., 2013.Expert systems and artificial intelligence in decision support systems: proceedings of the Second Mini Euroconference, Lunteren, The Netherlands, 1720 November 1985. Springer Science Business Media.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

United Federation of Teachers and DC 37

Introduction Unions are legally formed to serve as the voices of all workers in New York City or entire country. They act as representatives of public and private employees in several industries in the United States. Their main aim centers on cooperative negotiations in issues related to wage increase, workers’ benefits and better working conditions for their members and addressing other issues like disputes with administration about infringement of contract conditions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on United Federation of Teachers and DC 37 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most unions in the United States are adjusted to one of two major unions, Change to Win Federation and AFL-CIO that was legally formed in 1955. These two unions represent or bargain guidelines and legislation as they represent employees in America and contribute a major part in the country’s politics (Moe 66). The paper d iscusses the achievements of United Federation of Teachers (UFT) and District Council (DC 37), as well as their challenges and shortcomings that are involved in their membership. United Federation of Teachers has played a huge part in addressing the rights of teachers and nurses in New York City. Since its formation in 1960s, it has solved several issues related to educational matters, such as wage increase, workers’ benefits, and currently the reduction in class sizes. They also take part in the political affairs through financing most campaign activities. Some critics have stated that American teachers’ unions undermine the performance and productivity of schools through disregarding the issues related to students, management, and parents, while serving as a voice for teachers. Some studies have reported that increase in teachers’ wages does not improve the productivity and performance of students and schools in general. DC 37 has played an important part in m atters of women’s rights and equal pay among all employees in public sectors. United Federation of Teachers (UFT) Since 1960s, the management of United Federation of Teachers (UFT) has ensured that it portrays itself as union of expertise that exercises the rights and privileges of its members. UFT serves as a voice of more than 200,000 teachers, home daycare employees and nurses in New York City and consider that children are worth of secure schools, provision of social and health requirements, and appropriate instructions from the teachers and the government. In 2005, there were around 18,000 paraprofessionals and 120,000 in-serves teachers in United Federation of Teachers, together with around 55,000 retired teachers and other participants. At the end of 2007, 28,250 home daycare employees selected to be part of the union, making the sum number of members to go by the 200,000 mark (Moe 66).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help y ou! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Achievements UFT was very active in decreasing the size of classrooms and directly intended and led to advanced teaching arrangement and system which permitted for professional association and teaching background. The union was also powerful in legalizing charter school acceptance policy to guarantee an unbiased assessment application procedure. Currently, the union is in opposition to merit pay for its members and favoring seniority-based payment, but became involved in 2007 in approving a voluntary incentive system for performing schools with higher population and greater requirements. The United Federation of Teachers does not favor a recommended reform of the seniority-based LIFO (education) policy. The union powerfully supports the lessening of class sizes for every grade stage and subjects in all public schools in New York City to provide quality and standardize education program. In 2005, in the contract negotiations, the United Federation of Teachers effectively included language to the agreement that precisely safeguard teachers from experiencing penalty due to the planning of the classroom furniture, the arrangement of the bulletin boards, and finally the precise length of lesson units. Annually, the union provides scholarship opportunities to undergraduate and graduates and around $1 million are awarded to these students according to their academic achievements and inability to finance their college expenses. In 2011, 250 high school graduates were awarded $5,000 each to gather for their higher education expenses (Haskins 116). United Federation of Teachers has embarked to start charter schools of their own and there are some reasons why they want to begin this process. United Federation of Teachers claims that Charter schools permit teachers to innovate and experiment in approaches that are complex in common government schools. Charter schools operators are aware that their members have the privilege to create unions if they consider it important since organized and prepared teachers can produce valuable partnerships. In the 1980s and 1990s, the lobar and civil rights which had experienced destruction and set backs during 1960s and 1970s were restructured as labor unions that came together to address the issues of quality and acceptable education for every student, standard class sizes, and provision of safety nets to families.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on United Federation of Teachers and DC 37 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United Federation of Teachers was an active follower of landmark school aid court case recorded by the Campaign for Fiscal Equity in 1993, an alliance of education activists and parents who were concerned about the welfare of their children. The legal clash resulted in a decision forcing the state to offer not less than $2 billion above the normal in educatio nal funding to public schools around New York City (Meyer 3). Another field of which the United Federation of Teachers has shown well-built relationship with its structured members and has achieved its goals is with the Municipal Labor committee. This committee is an affiliate alliance for government employee unions that serve as a negotiating representative for health coverage with the New York City. In 2011, the health insurance bargained for domestic daycare providers, who are members of United Federation of Teachers, in their initial contract with the city and will soon come to action. Family care providers are expected to obtain health coverage under the UFT Family Health Plus system, this is a health coverage project funded by New York City and provided completely to providers of United Federation of Teachers under health coverage of EmblemHealth. Other than health benefits provided through this plan, providers engaging in this program will also obtain an influential medical a dvocate that will be under the United Federation of Teachers. Often, bargaining the medical coverage arrangement is challenging and this is the reason the union is regularly examining the UFT Health Care Plus plan keenly are prepared and accessible always to support every member in it who considers that he has not received or his rights are limited (Wright 4). The benefits provided through this program are wide-ranging containing dental and inpatient hospital, specialty, and primary care, together with prescription medicine insurance to their members who need these services. Remarkably, and regardless of the direct allocating of $700 million to decrease class size and significant projects of the community by United Federation of Teachers and its new alliance parties, the sizes of classes in the government schools in the city really improved in the years after obtaining this sum of money. Incensed, the union filed a case against the New York City DOE for not utilizing the funds alloc ated by the state to decrease the class sizes (Meyer 3). The UFT applied the court case to inform the people, especially the parents, about the inability of City Administration to utilize taxpayers’ monies appropriately. The initial rulings in the lawsuit, during the mid 2010, were showing positive potentials.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first achievement of UFT was in 1969 when they successfully won the privilege to represent around 11,000 government school paraprofessionals in the state of New York. Even though different AFT (America Federation of Teachers) locals had served as the voice of most librarians, school nurses, and other members of education structure, the United Federation of Teachers election officially inaugurated the first main growth into non-teaching staff (Wright 4). DC 37 Launched in 1944, District council 37 (DC 37) has expanded from union of not more than a thousand members in the state’s health care, business, and parks to the national biggest union of government workers, with above 130, 000 employees participating in state’s cultural and agencies organizations. In 2005, the officials of DC 37 wrote to the mayor addressing the challenges that the members of DC 37 are undergoing. Working jointly with the mayor, and some banks, DC 37 generated the MEHP, the earliest and the gr eatest widespread labor-sponsored reasonable priced housing projects among all other states. With the help of DC 37, the members received mortgage and the union housing plans provided comprehensive services, which includes mortgages, development loans, and other services for the city employees who are experiencing shortage of housing. The members of the union can qualify for the funds and mortgage support to buy co-ops, second home within the city, and even condos. In November 2010, DC 37 started contract bargains with the New York City for a new economic accord and has examined the budget of the city and revealed the intensive contracting-out misuse and corruption. For instance CityTime, along with the policy of the city, did not intentionally receive particular taxes and charges to which it is warranted. Some of the major important activities executed by DC 37 in 1980s were in the area of rights of women. In early 1980s, the court ruled that the New York City Employee Retirement S ystem might no longer locate specific points for gender for pension compensations and donations, and this disagreement had taken a decade to be decided. Women municipal employees who had been ordered to pay more due to their anticipated permanence were repaid some of their earlier pension donations. Another success of rights of women appeared also in mid 1980s with a case presented by DC 37 opposing the lower wages of mostly women 911 workers in the Police Department as matched up to the raised wages of men’s Fire Department workers executing comparable tusk. This successful case filed by DC 37 simplified the process of paying workers and presented equal pay for both men and women executing comparable tusk, even when the titles of their job are different. DC 37 contributed a major role in this movement and led the first demonstration in the country due to the pay equality matters; along with a successful court case in opposition to the Washington state who had won a case to p ay women low wages in their titles, but this was overruled after an appeal. Employers were forced to include gender pay equity in their new contracts and this success was mainly contributed by DC 37 (Budd and McCall 479). DC 37 continued to fight for the benefits of members that included raised protection for temporary employees, pension for workers on part-time basis, and policies directing admission of on-the-job protection risks to employees. The union went extra mile to celebrate Black History Month and acknowledged different ethnic cultures, and created a Disability Advisory Committees to address the issues of disability within and outside the union. In 1985, they participated in activities related to Women’s History Month and were engaged in national position in agreement to gay rights. Disadvantages and Challenges The drawback of being a member of United Federation of Teachers union and DC 37 is that the members have limited expressions in processes of educational inst itutions they work in and the procedures of teaching they intend to execute. They also have to contribute some money to sustain the union. Teachers’ unions available in America, especially United Federation of Teachers, are most influential and well structured in issues related to education policies and politics. However, they take advantage of their powerful position to block reforms required to advance the country’s education system through placing their emphasis on teachers instead of focusing on the children or students. Unions, sometimes, are blockages to school selection and other important policies. In all the issues that unions, such as DC 37 and American Federation of Teachers, express about students, their concerns are more to their adults and dues-paying constituencies. Teachers’ unions have been seen as big businesses handling huge finances with real political powers. United Federation of Teachers, DC 37 and other unions in the country have been grea tly contributing to political campaigns and using most of their funds to support the contenders who think they will support them later. DC 37 experienced various challenges at the end of 1990s, when surveys by Manhattan District Attorney exposed different cases of fraud within the council and its members. Particularly, very serious cases were disclosures in 1998 that top-most officials of the union had fixed an endorsement vote on the contentious 1996 contract that contained payment freezes for the opening two years. This led to restructuring of the top officials of the union after some members revealed that they were involved in the corruption case (Cannato 572). DC 37 experienced some significant challenges in 1970s as most cities were facing huge fiscal crisis, where public employees underwent decrease in benefits, wage freezes, and work termination. Regardless of these demanding periods, the council, however, was successful to go beyond the 100,000 membership mark in 1975. All t hrough history, DC 37 has dynamically held social movement unionism through connecting its efforts for better pay and benefits to other matters related with political economy and social issues. DC 37, represented by some delegation, participated in various other strikes in opposition to segregation and inequality, the council and its partners demonstrated also in opposition to the Vietnam War. Effect on Productivity and Performance in Schools Haskins (116) did research on the connection between teachers’ unions and education systems. The research concluded that teachers’ unions hamper the productivity through raising the institution inputs as they reduce the performance of the students. The existence of unions of teachers and other unions in employment sectors are likely to raise school funds and that the raised finances are dedicated to superior standard wages and reduce class sizes. Actually, the raised salaries for teachers may not raise the performance of students and quality of education. The Unions should address also the issue of performance and quality of education to portray their quality representation to both the teachers and students. Some have argued that teachers’ unions take reform control away from management, students and parents, together with exploiting the city’s resources as they only address the issues experienced by teachers. Conclusion Unions in the United States have reported significant achievements since they were established in 1950s through addressing the issues affecting teachers and other members, such as nurses and home care providers. From above discussion, we can conclude by stating that unions, such as United Federation of Teachers and DC 37, have played a significant role in resolving some issues that were traditionally experienced by employees in their workplaces, including benefits, wage increase, reduction of class sizes, and other school-related issues. There are various disadvantages faced by employees who are members of these unions. Their members have limited expressions in development in their educational institutions and the way they should teach in schools. They also contribute huge sum of money to maintain or finance the activities of these unions that they are later contributed to various political parties. Works Cited Budd, John and Brian McCall. â€Å"The Effect of Unions on the Receipt of Unemployment Insurance Benefits.† Industrial and Labor Relations Review 50 (2007): 477-491. Cannato, Vincent. The Ungovernable City. New York: Basic Books, 2002. Print. Haskins, Justin Trask. Saving America: From Global Warming to Immigration. New York: Lulu, 2007. Print. Meyer, Heinz-Dieter. â€Å"Trade, Profession or Entrepreneurs? The Market Faithful Raise Important Questions about the Future of Teacher Unions.† American Journal of Education 112 (2005): 1-7. Print. Moe, Terry. Special Interest: Teachers Unions and America’s Public Schools. Washington D C: Brookings Institution Press, 2011. Print. Wright, Carol. â€Å"Unions and Teachers: Differences in the State of the Nation.† ALSB Journal of Employment and Labor Law 10.2 (2001): 1-12. Print. This research paper on United Federation of Teachers and DC 37 was written and submitted by user Brenna Rosario to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Mlb Players Are over Paid free essay sample

According to My Budget 360 the average middle class working American makes $46,326 a year (â€Å"How Much Does the Average American Make? Breaking Down the U. S. Household Income Numbers. † Par 2. ) Another problem teams are running into after paying their players large contracts is there lack of performance. It is also unfair to some of the lower income teams in the league. They are not able to pay the big name players in the league like many other teams in the league are able to. My argument with this is MLB athletes don’t deserve the amount of money they annually make, and it is unfair to everyday working Americans who are struggling to live the day to day life. To begin with, I believe Major League Baseball players are way overpaid, and have no idea what it is like to live off a regular American salary. According to baseball writer, Richard Cato, many rookie athletes are worried more about how much money there are going to make, before they even think about throwing their first pitch in there major league career. We will write a custom essay sample on Mlb Players Are over Paid or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Almost 10 years ago former cubs pitcher, Mark Prior, argued and argued with team management that his 10 million dollar contract was not going to be enough to support himself and his family (par 5. ) This is where my problem begins with Athletes being overpaid. They complain about not making enough money each year, where middle and lower class Americans manage to live off there much smaller salaries. I personally think the league minimum of $480,000 a year is much too large, and is pretty ridiculous to be complaining about. Just recently former Cardinals star, Albert Pujols, left his team due to the inability to pay the about of money he wanted to make. His new contract is a 10-year 240 million dollar contract that is way too much for any American to make in this sort span of time. In my opinion the MLB should set a top cap that any player in the league is allowed to make in a season and still have a league minimum, but much lower then it currently is. Another problem teams are having after giving their athletes large contracts is there are not performing like they once were, before there had their large contract. Next, there is a large problem with big name athletes getting very large contracts and not performing like they once did in their careers, before that made their multi-million dollar contracts. Athletes begin to get the thought in their head after they sign a large contract, that they are set for life and don’t have to perform like they once did because there have earned the money there have always wanted. Although not all athletes are like this, an example of someone who is not is, Derek Jeter. â€Å"I have never seen a more complete baseball player then Derek Jeter. † According to the New York Times, Jeter has done nothing but improved since signing his very large contract extension. He has continued to be the same player he was when he entered the league and has also became an even better player (par. 1. ) In his 18th year in the league, Jeter continues to play strong and break MLB records, showing he deserves the large contract he is paid. Players who continue to play hard like this through their career deserve to earn a large about of money, but not the excessive amount that he currently is. But this is not the case with all big league players saying large contracts. For example Albert Pujols has just signed the largest multi-year contract in the history of the league, but currently struggles hitting, and has not yet hit a single homerun. After signing this new large contract he has been very unproductive and is showing to be a waste of millions of dollars for his new team. This shows that not all major league players deserve to make these huge multi-million dollar contracts that are being paid. Finally, some teams have and unfair advantage on the amount of big name players they are allowed to sign year to year. If the Major League Baseball officials would decide on a salary cap for each team it would give everyone a more equal chance of signing big name players. I personally think each team should be able to spend the same amount of money each season, to give each team a more equal chance of winning. By doing this it would minimize he amount of big name players could sign year after year, and also give the current lower income teams the ability to sign more big name players. If the league would put a cap on the amount of money a player can make and the amount of money each team can spend, would make the league a much better all around league, giving each team an equal chance of winning a World Series. In Conclusion, Major League Baseball players are wa y over paid. None of these athletes have a clue what it’s like to live off the salary of an average working American. Athletes continue to complain about the amount of money they are making each year, not being enough to support their families, while lower and middle class families are living life just fine making 10 times less the amount of money. Athletes aren’t proving they deserve to make the amount of money they do either, by becoming way less productive after signing there multi-million dollar contracts. When the league puts a set salary cap on each player and each team the league will become a much better thing. It will also make working Americans very happy, knowing athletes aren’t making as much money as they once did. If everyone would have the same contracts, it would also make ticket prices go down making it more affordable for fans to go to games. By having the same contracts, players would all play harder and also make fans of the game happier and more supportive of the players and owners of the league. When the average American can begin to make larger salaries, will be the day athletes deserve to make the large contracts like they currently are. Works Cited â€Å"How Much Does the Average American Make? Breaking Down the U. S. Household Income Numbers. † My Budget 360. N. P. N. D. Web. 25 April 2012. â€Å"Jeter, a True Yankee. † New York Times. 03 Dec. 2006. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 April 2012. â€Å"Market Correction needed for rookie MLB contracts? † Left Field: The Reuters Global Sports Blog. Richard Cato. 11 June 2009. Web. 25 April 2012. â€Å"MLB Minimum Salary to Increase to $480,000 with New CBA. † Los Angeles Dodgers Payroll. Eric Stephen. 20 Nov. 2011. Web. 25 April 2012.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Linear Programming essays

Linear Programming essays History of linear programming goes back as far as 1940s. Main motivation for the need of linear programming goes back to the war time when they needed ways to solve many complex planning problems. The simplex method which is used to solve linear programming was developed by George B. Dantzig, in 1947. Dantzig, was one in who did a lot of work on linear programming, he was reconzied by several honours. Dantzigs discovery was through his personal contribution, during WWII when Dantzig was working in the pentagon with the miltary, one of his collegues challenged him, asking speed up the planning process. Discovery of the simplex method was his solution. Linear programming is a powerful tool to solve many problems that arise in many different areas of the outside world. Simplex method has been standard method of solving most Linear programmings since 1940s. Simplex method uses of maximizing and minimizing a linear function to find a feasible set, from then on determined as a miximizer or a minimizer. It can handle many hundreds of variables and in that way its extremely powerful. These problems can actually be programmed in to a computer to solve problems with extreme number of variables. Ability to handly many thousands of variables gives its greatest advantages of all. Linear programming applications can be found in many different industries Importance of linear programming goes to a very high extent and its now used in many small All types of problems can be solved that contain a linear function which is to be maximized or minimized and given the constraints. ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Homeland Security - Essay Example This paper will analyze the issues relating to Homeland Security and analyze its response to security issues. The agency’s mission statement has various security objectives that govern its operations. They include: protecting the cyberspace, enforcing the US immigration policies, controlling the US borders, and enhancing security through terrorism prevention (Proctor & Waleford 2009). The main objective, however, for Homeland Security should be the prevention of terrorism. Terrorism involves the intentional and calculated use of threats to instill fear among people in order to gain political or religious strategic advantages. In a bid to control terrorism, the department also prevents unauthorized access or trade of nuclear and radiological materials. The history of terrorism is imperative to altering the governance systems of countries. Terrorist organizations exist in civilized nations in which they conduct their operations without reservations. Through the Homeland Security Advisory System introduced by the president, this department disseminates terrorism information to the relev ant authorities in the event of possible terrorist attacks. The authorities then use this information with the help of the Homeland Security to establish the level of terrorism threat. According to the Homeland Security, there are five levels of threat. They include; low risk, general risk, significant risk, high risk, and imminent risk of terrorist attack. However, most of these threats are from individuals and domestic groups that act independently. This nature of terrorism explains why cyber terrorism has become rampant in the current years. In the current world, cyber terrorism has increased in scale due to the technological advancement of the modern era. The threats aimed at the US nationals from the hackers have become paramount in the recent years. The department should focus most of its